001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.routines; 018 019import java.net.IDN; 020import java.util.Arrays; 021import java.util.Locale; 022import java.util.stream.IntStream; 023 024import org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.Logging; 025 026/** 027 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p> 028 * 029 * <p> 030 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names 031 * and top-level domains. 032 * </p> 033 * 034 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according 035 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>, 036 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>, 037 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of 038 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example, 039 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the 040 * same name would have passed. 041 * </p> 042 * 043 * <p> 044 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and 045 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): 046 * </p> 047 * 048 * <ul> 049 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs 050 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li> 051 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs 052 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li> 053 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs 054 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li> 055 * </ul> 056 * 057 * <p> 058 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or 059 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see 060 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.) 061 * </p> 062 * 063 * @version $Revision: 1740822 $ 064 * @since Validator 1.4 065 */ 066public final class DomainValidator extends AbstractValidator { 067 068 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253; 069 070 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0]; 071 072 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123) 073 074 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 075 // Max 63 characters 076 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 077 078 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 079 // Max 63 characters 080 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 081 082 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] 083 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas 084 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present. 085 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex) 086 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 087 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX = 088 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$"; 089 090 private final boolean allowLocal; 091 092 /** 093 * Singleton instance of this validator, which 094 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid. 095 */ 096 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false); 097 098 /** 099 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does 100 * consider local addresses valid. 101 */ 102 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true); 103 104 /** 105 * RegexValidator for matching domains. 106 */ 107 private final RegexValidator domainRegex = 108 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX); 109 /** 110 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname 111 */ 112 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 113 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex = 114 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX); 115 116 /** 117 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It 118 * will not consider local addresses as valid. 119 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 120 */ 121 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() { 122 inUse = true; 123 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 124 } 125 126 /** 127 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator, 128 * with local validation as required. 129 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 130 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 131 */ 132 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) { 133 inUse = true; 134 if (allowLocal) { 135 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL; 136 } 137 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 138 } 139 140 /** 141 * Private constructor. 142 * @param allowLocal whether to allow local domains 143 */ 144 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) { 145 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 146 } 147 148 /** 149 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses 150 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. 151 * The parsing is case-insensitive. 152 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax 153 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name 154 */ 155 @Override 156 public boolean isValid(String domain) { 157 if (domain == null) { 158 return false; 159 } 160 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 161 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 162 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 163 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 164 // checks in the regexes below 165 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 166 return false; 167 } 168 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain); 169 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) { 170 return isValidTld(groups[0]); 171 } 172 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain); 173 } 174 175 @Override 176 public String getValidatorName() { 177 return null; 178 } 179 180 // package protected for unit test access 181 // must agree with isValid() above 182 boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) { 183 if (domain == null) { 184 return false; 185 } 186 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 187 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 188 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 189 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 190 // checks in the regexes below 191 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 192 return false; 193 } 194 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain); 195 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0) 196 || hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain); 197 } 198 199 /** 200 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 201 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. 202 * The search is case-insensitive. 203 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null 204 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD 205 */ 206 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) { 207 String asciiTld = unicodeToASCII(tld); 208 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(asciiTld)) { 209 return true; 210 } 211 return isValidInfrastructureTld(asciiTld) 212 || isValidGenericTld(asciiTld) 213 || isValidCountryCodeTld(asciiTld); 214 } 215 216 /** 217 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 218 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are 219 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 220 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null 221 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD 222 */ 223 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) { 224 if (iTld == null) return false; 225 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 226 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key); 227 } 228 229 /** 230 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 231 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored 232 * if present. The search is case-insensitive. 233 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null 234 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD 235 */ 236 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) { 237 if (gTld == null) return false; 238 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 239 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key)) 240 && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key); 241 } 242 243 /** 244 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 245 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are 246 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 247 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null 248 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD 249 */ 250 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) { 251 if (ccTld == null) return false; 252 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 253 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) 254 && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key); 255 } 256 257 /** 258 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 259 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are 260 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 261 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null 262 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD 263 */ 264 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) { 265 if (lTld == null) return false; 266 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 267 return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key); 268 } 269 270 private static String chompLeadingDot(String str) { 271 if (str.startsWith(".")) { 272 return str.substring(1); 273 } 274 return str; 275 } 276 277 // --------------------------------------------- 278 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA 279 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at: 280 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt 281 282 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case. 283 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below) 284 285 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db 286 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in 287 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column 288 // For example (as of 2015-01-02): 289 // .bl country-code Not assigned 290 // .um country-code Not assigned 291 292 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 293 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = { 294 "arpa", // internet infrastructure 295 }; 296 297 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 298 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = { 299 // Taken from Version 2021102900, Last Updated Fri Oct 29 07:07:01 2021 UTC 300 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc. 301 "aarp", // aarp AARP 302 "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 303 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd 304 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc. 305 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc. 306 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc. 307 "able", // able Able Inc. 308 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 309 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 310 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC 311 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc 312 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited 313 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC 314 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG 315 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd. 316 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) 317 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc. 318 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC 319 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux 320 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA) 321 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company 322 "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 323 "afl", // afl Australian Football League 324 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa 325 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 326 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC 327 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc. 328 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S. 329 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd. 330 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited 331 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 332 "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 333 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited 334 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited 335 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft 336 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 337 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc. 338 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE 339 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM 340 "amazon", // amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 341 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 342 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc. 343 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 344 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc. 345 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company 346 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam 347 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC 348 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc. 349 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 350 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited 351 "aol", // aol AOL Inc. 352 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC 353 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc. 354 "apple", // apple Apple Inc. 355 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com 356 "arab", // arab League of Arab States 357 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company 358 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED 359 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd. 360 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited 361 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. 362 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 363 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd. 364 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC 365 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc. 366 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd 367 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd. 368 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft 369 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 370 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp. 371 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation 372 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 373 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp. 374 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC 375 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca 376 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 377 "axa", // axa AXA SA 378 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation 379 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 380 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc. 381 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc. 382 "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc. 383 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd 384 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC 385 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 386 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona 387 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC 388 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC 389 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 390 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC 391 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 392 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) 393 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH 394 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH 395 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation 396 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation 397 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. 398 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 399 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona 400 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC 401 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal 402 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 403 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited 404 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG 405 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd 406 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc. 407 "bet", // bet Afilias plc 408 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited 409 "bible", // bible American Bible Society 410 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited 411 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC 412 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation 413 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC 414 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED 415 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc. 416 "black", // black Afilias Limited 417 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp. 418 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation 419 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC 420 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC 421 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited 422 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 423 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 424 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas 425 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC 426 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH 427 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc. 428 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 429 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited 430 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 431 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 432 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V. 433 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH 434 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA 435 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC 436 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 437 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC 438 "box", // box NS1 Limited 439 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A. 440 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation 441 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc. 442 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD 443 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd. 444 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw 445 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 446 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA 447 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC 448 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC 449 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC 450 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC 451 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO. 452 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh 453 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC 454 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC 455 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc. 456 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 457 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC 458 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V. 459 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC 460 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC 461 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation 462 "canon", // canon Canon Inc. 463 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 464 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC 465 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation 466 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited 467 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc. 468 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC 469 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC 470 "career", // career dotCareer LLC 471 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC 472 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp. 473 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 474 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V. 475 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC 476 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC 477 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT 478 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC 479 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 480 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 481 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. 482 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc. 483 "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc. 484 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC 485 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd 486 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN") 487 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute 488 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD 489 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V. 490 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc. 491 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC 492 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. 493 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC 494 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC 495 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation 496 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp. 497 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc. 498 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC 499 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl 500 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 501 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc. 502 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC 503 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc. 504 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation 505 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC 506 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 507 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC 508 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC 509 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp. 510 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC 511 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 512 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC 513 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A. 514 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC 515 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A. 516 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC 517 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC 518 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC 519 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC 520 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 521 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services 522 "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 523 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 524 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC 525 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC 526 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd 527 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC 528 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc. 529 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC 530 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC 531 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD. 532 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 533 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC 534 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 535 "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 536 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC 537 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC 538 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse 539 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 540 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 541 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC 542 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 543 "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 544 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC 545 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC 546 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC 547 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited 548 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation 549 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited 550 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 551 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC 552 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc. 553 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S. 554 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK 555 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. 556 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited 557 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc. 558 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd. 559 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation 560 "date", // date dot Date Limited 561 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC 562 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 563 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc. 564 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc. 565 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited 566 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 567 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc. 568 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC 569 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd 570 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC 571 "dell", // dell Dell Inc. 572 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 573 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc. 574 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd. 575 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC 576 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd 577 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC 578 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC 579 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc. 580 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG 581 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC 582 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp. 583 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC 584 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC 585 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC 586 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC 587 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services 588 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation 589 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 590 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. 591 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc. 592 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC 593 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC 594 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC 595 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation 596 "download", // download dot Support Limited 597 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. 598 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation 599 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department 600 "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 601 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 602 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company 603 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 604 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 605 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 606 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd. 607 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc. 608 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc. 609 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. 610 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE 611 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC 612 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC 613 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA 614 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC 615 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd. 616 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon 617 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC 618 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation 619 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC 620 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson 621 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG 622 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc. 623 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC 624 "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) 625 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 626 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa 627 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC 628 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC 629 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC 630 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC 631 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC 632 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC 633 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A. 634 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC 635 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC 636 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited 637 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd. 638 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd 639 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited 640 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC 641 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange 642 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 643 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 644 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation 645 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 646 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 647 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 648 "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 649 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC 650 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 651 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd 652 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 653 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC 654 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC 655 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 656 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation 657 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited 658 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC 659 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 660 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited 661 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC 662 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 663 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC 664 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc. 665 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC 666 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp. 667 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc. 668 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 669 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 670 "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 671 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC 672 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company 673 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD 674 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC 675 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC 676 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC 677 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC 678 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 679 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH 680 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V. 681 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT 682 "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 683 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation 684 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation 685 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited 686 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc. 687 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC 688 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC 689 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 690 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC 691 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL 692 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC 693 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 694 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc. 695 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp. 696 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd. 697 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc. 698 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 699 "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC 700 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc. 701 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems" 702 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft 703 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA 704 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd. 705 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 706 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc. 707 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp. 708 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC 709 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd. 710 "giving", // giving Giving Limited 711 "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 712 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC 713 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc. 714 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited 715 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A 716 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc. 717 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC 718 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc. 719 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH 720 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC 721 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC 722 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 723 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC 724 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc. 725 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 726 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc. 727 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc. 728 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc. 729 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 730 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration) 731 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC 732 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC 733 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC 734 "green", // green Afilias Limited 735 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC 736 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 737 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC 738 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America 739 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a. 740 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc. 741 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC 742 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp. 743 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC 744 "hair", // hair L'Oreal 745 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH 746 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc. 747 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD. 748 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc. 749 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED 750 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited 751 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC 752 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC 753 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp. 754 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki 755 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc. 756 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International 757 "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 758 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp. 759 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc. 760 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd. 761 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V. 762 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited 763 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC 764 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC 765 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC 766 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc. 767 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc. 768 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC 769 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc. 770 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 771 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 772 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC 773 "host", // host DotHost Inc. 774 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp. 775 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 776 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL 777 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V. 778 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation 779 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC 780 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc. 781 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC 782 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 783 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C. 784 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company 785 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation 786 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 787 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. 788 "icu", // icu One.com A/S 789 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC 790 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh 791 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A. 792 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 793 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 794 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC 795 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd. 796 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc. 797 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC 798 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 799 "info", // info Afilias Limited 800 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc. 801 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC 802 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC 803 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC 804 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC 805 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 806 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC 807 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 808 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC 809 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. 810 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC 811 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 812 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality 813 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S. 814 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. 815 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited 816 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 817 "java", // java Oracle Corporation 818 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd. 819 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC. 820 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB 821 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC 822 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc. 823 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 824 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC 825 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 826 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC 827 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 828 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 829 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 830 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co. 831 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. 832 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp. 833 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC. 834 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd. 835 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION 836 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited 837 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited 838 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited 839 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House 840 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION 841 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited 842 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 843 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 844 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC 845 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED 846 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 847 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd. 848 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC 849 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft) 850 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V. 851 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology 852 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd 853 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited 854 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen 855 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA 856 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 857 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 858 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER 859 "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 860 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC 861 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 862 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation 863 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 864 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico 865 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation 866 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University 867 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited 868 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd 869 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC 870 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC 871 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc 872 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc. 873 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC 874 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S 875 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 876 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited 877 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 878 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC 879 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers 880 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 881 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC 882 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 883 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company 884 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC 885 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC 886 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company 887 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft 888 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp. 889 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd 890 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd. 891 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 892 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation 893 "llc", // llc Afilias plc 894 "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC 895 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited 896 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC 897 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation 898 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC 899 "loft", // loft Annco, Inc. 900 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp. 901 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited 902 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. 903 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited 904 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP 905 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc. 906 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc. 907 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC 908 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp. 909 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S 910 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 911 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC 912 "macys", // macys Macys, Inc. 913 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid 914 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) 915 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC 916 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal 917 "man", // man MAN SE 918 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC 919 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L. 920 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc. 921 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd 922 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC 923 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD 924 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation 925 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc. 926 "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 927 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc. 928 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC 929 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc. 930 "med", // med Medistry LLC 931 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC 932 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited 933 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria 934 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc. 935 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC 936 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited 937 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC 938 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 939 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 940 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation 941 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center 942 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 943 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 944 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology 945 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation 946 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 947 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association 948 "mma", // mma MMA IARD 949 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi 950 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation 951 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd. 952 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd. 953 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 954 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp. 955 "monash", // monash Monash University 956 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC 957 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc. 958 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant") 959 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd 960 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 961 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC 962 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC 963 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc. 964 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC 965 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 966 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited 967 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited 968 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association 969 "music", // music DotMusic Limited 970 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC 971 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited 972 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc. 973 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc. 974 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A. 975 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd. 976 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC 977 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation 978 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services 979 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 980 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc. 981 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC 982 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc. 983 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc. 984 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd. 985 "next", // next Next plc 986 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc 987 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc. 988 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC 989 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry 990 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) 991 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd. 992 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc. 993 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION 994 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd. 995 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 996 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company 997 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation 998 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC 999 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation 1000 "now", // now Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1001 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1002 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited 1003 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC. 1004 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH 1005 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION 1006 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications 1007 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA 1008 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1009 "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1010 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation 1011 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc. 1012 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH 1013 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH 1014 "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc. 1015 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation 1016 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd 1017 "one", // one One.com A/S 1018 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry 1019 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1020 "online", // online DotOnline Inc. 1021 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED 1022 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 1023 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation 1024 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited 1025 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR) 1026 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited 1027 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 1028 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd. 1029 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. 1030 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation 1031 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS 1032 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1033 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation 1034 "paris", // paris City of Paris 1035 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1036 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC 1037 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC 1038 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited 1039 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL 1040 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1041 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited 1042 "pet", // pet Afilias plc 1043 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc. 1044 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 1045 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1046 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1047 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation 1048 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp. 1049 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC 1050 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC 1051 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd 1052 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp. 1053 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A. 1054 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC 1055 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1056 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1057 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc. 1058 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited 1059 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation 1060 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC 1061 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC 1062 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1063 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 1064 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC 1065 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC 1066 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC 1067 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1068 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited 1069 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland 1070 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC 1071 "post", // post Universal Postal Union 1072 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc. 1073 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A. 1074 "press", // press DotPress Inc. 1075 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1076 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro 1077 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1078 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC 1079 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1080 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company 1081 "promo", // promo Afilias plc 1082 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC 1083 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp. 1084 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC 1085 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc. 1086 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc. 1087 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1088 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 1089 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc. 1090 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc 1091 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited 1092 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited 1093 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 1094 "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1095 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1096 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC 1097 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC 1098 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC 1099 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC 1100 "red", // red Afilias Limited 1101 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. 1102 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC 1103 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1104 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC 1105 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC 1106 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. 1107 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited 1108 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd. 1109 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC 1110 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC 1111 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC 1112 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC 1113 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1114 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 1115 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC 1116 "review", // review dot Review Limited 1117 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 1118 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH 1119 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1120 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited 1121 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd. 1122 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited 1123 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO 1124 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1125 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 1126 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD. 1127 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1128 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 1129 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1130 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1131 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited 1132 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG 1133 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC 1134 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG 1135 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc. 1136 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH 1137 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1138 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. 1139 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc. 1140 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1141 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC 1142 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1143 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1144 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB 1145 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB 1146 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi 1147 "sap", // sap SAP AG 1148 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC 1149 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC 1150 "save", // save Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1151 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S 1152 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA 1153 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION 1154 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ) 1155 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB") 1156 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG 1157 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S. 1158 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC 1159 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC 1160 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC 1161 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 1162 "science", // science dot Science Limited 1163 "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1164 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited 1165 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1166 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) 1167 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1168 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC 1169 "seek", // seek Seek Limited 1170 "select", // select iSelect Ltd 1171 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. 1172 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC 1173 "ses", // ses SES 1174 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd 1175 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG 1176 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC 1177 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp. 1178 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR 1179 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1180 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation 1181 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P. 1182 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc 1183 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1184 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited 1185 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC 1186 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc. 1187 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC 1188 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1189 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC 1190 "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc. 1191 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1192 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation 1193 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC 1194 "site", // site DotSite Inc. 1195 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED 1196 "skin", // skin L'Oréal 1197 "sky", // sky Sky International AG 1198 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation 1199 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 1200 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) 1201 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1202 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais) 1203 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC 1204 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1205 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp. 1206 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1207 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited 1208 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC 1209 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC 1210 "song", // song Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1211 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation 1212 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1213 "spa", // spa Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited 1214 "space", // space DotSpace Inc. 1215 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) 1216 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1217 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp. 1218 "ss", // ss National Communication Authority (NCA) 1219 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG 1220 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc. 1221 "star", // star Star India Private Limited 1222 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA 1223 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1224 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company 1225 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company 1226 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun 1227 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC 1228 "store", // store DotStore Inc. 1229 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited 1230 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1231 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 1232 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC 1233 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd. 1234 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC 1235 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC 1236 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC 1237 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1238 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC 1239 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION 1240 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd 1241 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation 1242 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet 1243 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC 1244 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited 1245 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government 1246 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1247 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1248 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC 1249 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd 1250 "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic" 1251 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp. 1252 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC 1253 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC 1254 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1255 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation 1256 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC 1257 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC 1258 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC 1259 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd. 1260 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1261 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC 1262 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 1263 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc. 1264 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC 1265 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC 1266 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America 1267 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited 1268 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC 1269 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company 1270 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC 1271 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC 1272 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH 1273 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1274 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1275 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1276 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1277 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC 1278 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc. 1279 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC 1280 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. 1281 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc. 1282 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation 1283 "total", // total Total SA 1284 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC 1285 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC 1286 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 1287 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC 1288 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited 1289 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD 1290 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC 1291 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC. 1292 "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1293 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC 1294 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC 1295 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc 1296 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC 1297 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC 1298 "tui", // tui TUI AG 1299 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1300 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1301 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED 1302 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited 1303 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG 1304 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1305 "university", // university Little Station, LLC 1306 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC 1307 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA. 1308 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc. 1309 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC 1310 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1311 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc. 1312 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc. 1313 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC 1314 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc. 1315 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH 1316 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1317 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC 1318 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1319 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe 1320 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 1321 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC 1322 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC 1323 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited 1324 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited 1325 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited 1326 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC 1327 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company 1328 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A. 1329 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw 1330 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1331 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc. 1332 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag 1333 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC 1334 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp. 1335 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC 1336 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC 1337 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL 1338 "wales", // wales Nominet UK 1339 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1340 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB 1341 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited 1342 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1343 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC 1344 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc. 1345 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC 1346 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC 1347 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited 1348 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA 1349 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc. 1350 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc. 1351 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1352 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation 1353 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited 1354 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry 1355 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH 1356 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC 1357 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited 1358 "win", // win First Registry Limited 1359 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation 1360 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC 1361 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc. 1362 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC 1363 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V. 1364 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited 1365 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1366 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC 1367 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC 1368 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1369 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc. 1370 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC 1371 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation 1372 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC 1373 "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 1374 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1375 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited 1376 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl 1377 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1378 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1379 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India 1380 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited 1381 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited 1382 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1383 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India 1384 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl 1385 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl 1386 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India 1387 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited 1388 "xn--4dbrk0ce", // ישראל The Israel Internet Association (RA) 1389 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment 1390 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division 1391 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1392 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1393 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1394 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited 1395 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited 1396 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited 1397 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 1398 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1399 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association 1400 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association 1401 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1402 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc) 1403 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl 1404 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED 1405 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation 1406 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1407 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1408 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry 1409 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl 1410 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1411 "xn--cckwcxetd", // アマゾン Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1412 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1413 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED 1414 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC 1415 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited 1416 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet” 1417 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1418 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社 1419 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1420 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl 1421 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1422 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation 1423 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC 1424 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1425 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited 1426 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited 1427 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1428 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1429 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India 1430 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India 1431 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited 1432 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry 1433 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED 1434 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1435 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl 1436 "xn--jlq480n2rg", // 亚马逊 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1437 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation 1438 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1439 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1440 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd 1441 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company 1442 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH 1443 "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) 1444 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association 1445 "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya 1446 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation 1447 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India 1448 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 1449 "xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a", // البحرين Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1450 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India 1451 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1452 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1453 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl 1454 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd. 1455 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd. 1456 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House 1457 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States 1458 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry 1459 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry 1460 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited 1461 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited 1462 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited 1463 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl 1464 "xn--q7ce6a", // ລາວ Lao National Internet Center (LANIC) 1465 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1466 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1467 "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl 1468 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited 1469 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1470 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India 1471 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd 1472 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl 1473 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl 1474 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1475 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC 1476 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1477 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1478 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC 1479 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd. 1480 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1481 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1482 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1483 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1484 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC 1485 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC 1486 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC 1487 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 1488 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1489 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC 1490 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 1491 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1492 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc. 1493 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1494 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1495 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1496 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1497 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) 1498 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1499 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1500 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC 1501 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) 1502 }; 1503 1504 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1505 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = { 1506 "ac", // Ascension Island 1507 "ad", // Andorra 1508 "ae", // United Arab Emirates 1509 "af", // Afghanistan 1510 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda 1511 "ai", // Anguilla 1512 "al", // Albania 1513 "am", // Armenia 1514 //"an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired) 1515 "ao", // Angola 1516 "aq", // Antarctica 1517 "ar", // Argentina 1518 "as", // American Samoa 1519 "at", // Austria 1520 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands) 1521 "aw", // Aruba 1522 "ax", // Åland 1523 "az", // Azerbaijan 1524 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina 1525 "bb", // Barbados 1526 "bd", // Bangladesh 1527 "be", // Belgium 1528 "bf", // Burkina Faso 1529 "bg", // Bulgaria 1530 "bh", // Bahrain 1531 "bi", // Burundi 1532 "bj", // Benin 1533 "bm", // Bermuda 1534 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam 1535 "bo", // Bolivia 1536 "br", // Brazil 1537 "bs", // Bahamas 1538 "bt", // Bhutan 1539 "bv", // Bouvet Island 1540 "bw", // Botswana 1541 "by", // Belarus 1542 "bz", // Belize 1543 "ca", // Canada 1544 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1545 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) 1546 "cf", // Central African Republic 1547 "cg", // Republic of the Congo 1548 "ch", // Switzerland 1549 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire 1550 "ck", // Cook Islands 1551 "cl", // Chile 1552 "cm", // Cameroon 1553 "cn", // China, mainland 1554 "co", // Colombia 1555 "cr", // Costa Rica 1556 "cu", // Cuba 1557 "cv", // Cape Verde 1558 "cw", // Curaçao 1559 "cx", // Christmas Island 1560 "cy", // Cyprus 1561 "cz", // Czech Republic 1562 "de", // Germany 1563 "dj", // Djibouti 1564 "dk", // Denmark 1565 "dm", // Dominica 1566 "do", // Dominican Republic 1567 "dz", // Algeria 1568 "ec", // Ecuador 1569 "ee", // Estonia 1570 "eg", // Egypt 1571 "er", // Eritrea 1572 "es", // Spain 1573 "et", // Ethiopia 1574 "eu", // European Union 1575 "fi", // Finland 1576 "fj", // Fiji 1577 "fk", // Falkland Islands 1578 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia 1579 "fo", // Faroe Islands 1580 "fr", // France 1581 "ga", // Gabon 1582 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom) 1583 "gd", // Grenada 1584 "ge", // Georgia 1585 "gf", // French Guiana 1586 "gg", // Guernsey 1587 "gh", // Ghana 1588 "gi", // Gibraltar 1589 "gl", // Greenland 1590 "gm", // The Gambia 1591 "gn", // Guinea 1592 "gp", // Guadeloupe 1593 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea 1594 "gr", // Greece 1595 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1596 "gt", // Guatemala 1597 "gu", // Guam 1598 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau 1599 "gy", // Guyana 1600 "hk", // Hong Kong 1601 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands 1602 "hn", // Honduras 1603 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska) 1604 "ht", // Haiti 1605 "hu", // Hungary 1606 "id", // Indonesia 1607 "ie", // Ireland (Éire) 1608 "il", // Israel 1609 "im", // Isle of Man 1610 "in", // India 1611 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory 1612 "iq", // Iraq 1613 "ir", // Iran 1614 "is", // Iceland 1615 "it", // Italy 1616 "je", // Jersey 1617 "jm", // Jamaica 1618 "jo", // Jordan 1619 "jp", // Japan 1620 "ke", // Kenya 1621 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan 1622 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer) 1623 "ki", // Kiribati 1624 "km", // Comoros 1625 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis 1626 "kp", // North Korea 1627 "kr", // South Korea 1628 "kw", // Kuwait 1629 "ky", // Cayman Islands 1630 "kz", // Kazakhstan 1631 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles) 1632 "lb", // Lebanon 1633 "lc", // Saint Lucia 1634 "li", // Liechtenstein 1635 "lk", // Sri Lanka 1636 "lr", // Liberia 1637 "ls", // Lesotho 1638 "lt", // Lithuania 1639 "lu", // Luxembourg 1640 "lv", // Latvia 1641 "ly", // Libya 1642 "ma", // Morocco 1643 "mc", // Monaco 1644 "md", // Moldova 1645 "me", // Montenegro 1646 "mg", // Madagascar 1647 "mh", // Marshall Islands 1648 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia 1649 "ml", // Mali 1650 "mm", // Myanmar 1651 "mn", // Mongolia 1652 "mo", // Macau 1653 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands 1654 "mq", // Martinique 1655 "mr", // Mauritania 1656 "ms", // Montserrat 1657 "mt", // Malta 1658 "mu", // Mauritius 1659 "mv", // Maldives 1660 "mw", // Malawi 1661 "mx", // Mexico 1662 "my", // Malaysia 1663 "mz", // Mozambique 1664 "na", // Namibia 1665 "nc", // New Caledonia 1666 "ne", // Niger 1667 "nf", // Norfolk Island 1668 "ng", // Nigeria 1669 "ni", // Nicaragua 1670 "nl", // Netherlands 1671 "no", // Norway 1672 "np", // Nepal 1673 "nr", // Nauru 1674 "nu", // Niue 1675 "nz", // New Zealand 1676 "om", // Oman 1677 "pa", // Panama 1678 "pe", // Peru 1679 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island 1680 "pg", // Papua New Guinea 1681 "ph", // Philippines 1682 "pk", // Pakistan 1683 "pl", // Poland 1684 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 1685 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands 1686 "pr", // Puerto Rico 1687 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip) 1688 "pt", // Portugal 1689 "pw", // Palau 1690 "py", // Paraguay 1691 "qa", // Qatar 1692 "re", // Réunion 1693 "ro", // Romania 1694 "rs", // Serbia 1695 "ru", // Russia 1696 "rw", // Rwanda 1697 "sa", // Saudi Arabia 1698 "sb", // Solomon Islands 1699 "sc", // Seychelles 1700 "sd", // Sudan 1701 "se", // Sweden 1702 "sg", // Singapore 1703 "sh", // Saint Helena 1704 "si", // Slovenia 1705 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no) 1706 "sk", // Slovakia 1707 "sl", // Sierra Leone 1708 "sm", // San Marino 1709 "sn", // Senegal 1710 "so", // Somalia 1711 "sr", // Suriname 1712 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe 1713 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated) 1714 "sv", // El Salvador 1715 "sx", // Sint Maarten 1716 "sy", // Syria 1717 "sz", // Swaziland 1718 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands 1719 "td", // Chad 1720 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1721 "tg", // Togo 1722 "th", // Thailand 1723 "tj", // Tajikistan 1724 "tk", // Tokelau 1725 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code) 1726 "tm", // Turkmenistan 1727 "tn", // Tunisia 1728 "to", // Tonga 1729 //"tp", // East Timor (Retired) 1730 "tr", // Turkey 1731 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago 1732 "tv", // Tuvalu 1733 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China 1734 "tz", // Tanzania 1735 "ua", // Ukraine 1736 "ug", // Uganda 1737 "uk", // United Kingdom 1738 "us", // United States of America 1739 "uy", // Uruguay 1740 "uz", // Uzbekistan 1741 "va", // Vatican City State 1742 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1743 "ve", // Venezuela 1744 "vg", // British Virgin Islands 1745 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands 1746 "vn", // Vietnam 1747 "vu", // Vanuatu 1748 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna 1749 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1750 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency) 1751 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India 1752 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan 1753 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS) 1754 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc. 1755 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1756 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje 1757 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl 1758 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center 1759 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center 1760 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India 1761 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry 1762 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India 1763 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India 1764 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc. 1765 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd. 1766 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1767 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1768 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd 1769 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST 1770 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1771 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) 1772 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1773 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC) 1774 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India 1775 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT) 1776 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission 1777 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society 1778 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC) 1779 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad 1780 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT) 1781 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC) 1782 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation 1783 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS) 1784 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU 1785 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet 1786 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR 1787 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India 1788 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA 1789 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority 1790 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry 1791 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India 1792 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society 1793 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1794 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT) 1795 "ye", // Yemen 1796 "yt", // Mayotte 1797 "za", // South Africa 1798 "zm", // Zambia 1799 "zw", // Zimbabwe 1800 }; 1801 1802 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1803 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = { 1804 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain 1805 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined 1806 }; 1807 1808 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones. 1809 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys 1810 1811 /* 1812 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called. 1813 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called. 1814 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from 1815 * synchronized methods. 1816 */ 1817 private static boolean inUse; 1818 1819 /* 1820 * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile. 1821 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance 1822 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised. 1823 */ 1824 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1825 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1826 1827 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1828 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1829 1830 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1831 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1832 1833 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1834 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1835 1836 /** 1837 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} 1838 * to determine which override array to update / fetch 1839 * @since 1.5.0 1840 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references 1841 */ 1842 public enum ArrayType { 1843 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional generic TLDs */ 1844 GENERIC_PLUS, 1845 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */ 1846 GENERIC_MINUS, 1847 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional country code TLDs */ 1848 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS, 1849 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */ 1850 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS, 1851 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */ 1852 GENERIC_RO, 1853 /** Get a copy of the country code table */ 1854 COUNTRY_CODE_RO, 1855 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */ 1856 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO, 1857 /** Get a copy of the local table */ 1858 LOCAL_RO 1859 } 1860 1861 // For use by unit test code only 1862 static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() { 1863 inUse = false; 1864 countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1865 countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1866 genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1867 genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1868 } 1869 1870 /** 1871 * Update one of the TLD override arrays. 1872 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance. 1873 * <p> 1874 * For example: 1875 * <p> 1876 * <code>DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}</code> 1877 * <p> 1878 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array. 1879 * 1880 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} 1881 * Must be one of the following 1882 * <ul> 1883 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li> 1884 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li> 1885 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li> 1886 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li> 1887 * </ul> 1888 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null 1889 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance 1890 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested 1891 * @since 1.5.0 1892 */ 1893 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String... tlds) { 1894 if (inUse) { 1895 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance"); 1896 } 1897 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 1898 String[] copy = Arrays.stream(tlds) 1899 .map(tld -> tld.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)) 1900 .toArray(String[]::new); 1901 Arrays.sort(copy); 1902 switch(table) { 1903 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1904 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy; 1905 break; 1906 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1907 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy; 1908 break; 1909 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1910 genericTLDsMinus = copy; 1911 break; 1912 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1913 genericTLDsPlus = copy; 1914 break; 1915 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1916 case GENERIC_RO: 1917 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1918 case LOCAL_RO: 1919 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table); 1920 default: 1921 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1922 } 1923 } 1924 1925 /** 1926 * Get a copy of the internal array. 1927 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 1928 * @return a copy of the array 1929 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen) 1930 * @since 1.5.1 1931 */ 1932 public static String[] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) { 1933 final String[] array; 1934 switch(table) { 1935 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1936 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 1937 break; 1938 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1939 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 1940 break; 1941 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1942 array = genericTLDsMinus; 1943 break; 1944 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1945 array = genericTLDsPlus; 1946 break; 1947 case GENERIC_RO: 1948 array = GENERIC_TLDS; 1949 break; 1950 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1951 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS; 1952 break; 1953 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1954 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS; 1955 break; 1956 case LOCAL_RO: 1957 array = LOCAL_TLDS; 1958 break; 1959 default: 1960 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1961 } 1962 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 1963 } 1964 1965 /** 1966 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. 1967 * If conversion fails, returns the original input. 1968 * 1969 * @param input the string to convert, not null 1970 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails 1971 */ 1972 // Needed by UrlValidator 1973 public static String unicodeToASCII(String input) { 1974 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing 1975 return input; 1976 } 1977 try { 1978 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input); 1979 if (IdnBugHolder.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) { 1980 return ascii; 1981 } 1982 final int length = input.length(); 1983 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character 1984 return input; 1985 } 1986 // RFC3490 3.1. 1) 1987 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following 1988 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 1989 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 1990 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop). 1991 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1); // fetch original last char 1992 switch(lastChar) { 1993 case '\u002E': // "." full stop 1994 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop 1995 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop 1996 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop 1997 return ascii + '.'; // restore the missing stop 1998 default: 1999 return ascii; 2000 } 2001 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid 2002 Logging.trace(e); 2003 return input; 2004 } 2005 } 2006 2007 private static class IdnBugHolder { 2008 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() { 2009 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name 2010 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input)); 2011 } 2012 2013 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot(); 2014 } 2015 2016 /* 2017 * Check if input contains only ASCII 2018 * Treats null as all ASCII 2019 */ 2020 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) { 2021 if (input == null) { 2022 return true; 2023 } 2024 return IntStream.range(0, input.length()).noneMatch(i -> input.charAt(i) > 0x7F); // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber 2025 } 2026 2027 /** 2028 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key 2029 * 2030 * @param sortedArray the array to search 2031 * @param key the key to find 2032 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key 2033 */ 2034 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) { 2035 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0; 2036 } 2037}