A FitsChan is a specialised form of Channel which supports I/O operations involving the use of FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) header cards. Writing an Object to a FitsChan (using AST_WRITE) will, if the Object is suitable, generate a description of that Object composed of FITS header cards, and reading from a FitsChan will create a new Object from its FITS header card description.
While a FitsChan is active, it represents a buffer which may
contain zero or more 80-character "header cards" conforming to
FITS conventions. Any sequence of FITS-conforming header cards
may be stored, apart from the "END" card whose existence is
merely implied. The cards may be accessed in any order by using
the FitsChan's integer Card attribute, which identifies a "current"
card, to which subsequent operations apply. Searches
based on keyword may be performed (using AST_FINDFITS), new
cards may be inserted (AST_PUTFITS, AST_PUTCARDS, AST_SETFITSX
) and
existing ones may be deleted (AST_DELFITS) or changed (AST_SETFITS
X
).
When you create a FitsChan, you have the option of specifying "source" and "sink" functions which connect it to external data stores by reading and writing FITS header cards. If you provide a source function, it is used to fill the FitsChan with header cards when it is accessed for the first time. If you do not provide a source function, the FitsChan remains empty until you explicitly enter data into it (e.g. using AST_PUTCARDS, AST_PUTFITS or AST_WRITE). If you provide a sink function, it is used to deliver any remaining contents of a FitsChan to an external data store when the FitsChan is deleted. If you do not provide a sink function, any header cards remaining when the FitsChan is deleted will be lost, so you should arrange to extract them first if necessary (e.g. using AST_FINDFITS or AST_READ).
Coordinate system information may be described using FITS header cards using several different conventions, termed "encodings". When an AST Object is written to (or read from) a FitsChan, the value of the FitsChan's Encoding attribute determines how the Object is converted to (or from) a description involving FITS header cards. In general, different encodings will result in different sets of header cards to describe the same Object. Examples of encodings include the DSS encoding (based on conventions used by the STScI Digitised Sky Survey data), the FITS-WCS encoding (based on a proposed FITS standard) and the NATIVE encoding (a near loss-less way of storing AST Objects in FITS headers).
The available encodings differ in the range of Objects they can represent, in the number of Object descriptions that can coexist in the same FitsChan, and in their accessibility to other (external) astronomy applications (see the Encoding attribute for details). Encodings are not necessarily mutually exclusive and it may sometimes be possible to describe the same Object in several ways within a particular set of FITS header cards by using several different encodings.
The detailed behaviour of AST_READ and AST_WRITE, when used with a FitsChan, depends on the encoding in use. In general, however, all use of AST_READ is destructive, so that FITS header cards are consumed in the process of reading an Object, and are removed from the FitsChan (this deletion can be prevented for specific cards by calling the AST_RETAINFITS routine).
If the encoding in use allows only a single Object description to be stored in a FitsChan (e.g. the DSS, FITS-WCS and FITS-IRAF encodings), then write operations using AST_WRITE will over-write any existing Object description using that encoding. Otherwise (e.g. the NATIVE encoding), multiple Object descriptions are written sequentially and may later be read back in the same sequence.
If the null routine AST_NULL is supplied as the SOURCE value, the FitsChan will remain empty until cards are explicitly stored in it (e.g. using AST_PUTCARDS or AST_PUTFITS).
If the null routine AST_NULL is supplied as the SINK value, the contents of the FitsChan will not be written out when it is deleted.
AST A Library for Handling World Coordinate Systems in Astronomy